Pound the chili and garlic in a mortar and pestle until a rough paste forms. Add lime juice, fish sauce, palm sugar, and rice vinegar. Stir until sugar dissolves completely.
Taste the dressing. Adjust until sour, sweet, salty, and spicy are in perfect balance.
Peel and shred the green mango into long, thin strands using a julienne peeler, grater, or sharp knife.
Soak sliced shallots in cold water for 5 minutes. Drain and pat dry.
Add mango, shallots, chili, green onions, and cherry tomatoes to a large bowl.
Pour dressing over the salad and toss firmly to work the dressing into every strand.
Add cilantro, mint, and half the crushed peanuts. Toss gently once more.
Taste and adjust with extra lime juice or fish sauce as needed.
Pile onto a serving platter. Top with remaining peanuts, crispy shallots, and fresh herbs.
Serve immediately with lime wedges on the side.