Brew a strong cup of coffee and allow it to cool to room temperature or chill in the fridge.
In a blender, combine ice cubes, cooled coffee, milk, caramel syrup, sugar, and vanilla extract if using.
Blend on high until smooth, frothy, and ice is fully crushed.
Taste and adjust sweetness or add more caramel if desired. For a thicker frappe, add a few more ice cubes and blend again.
Pour into a tall glass and top with whipped cream.
Drizzle extra caramel sauce over the whipped cream and garnish with optional sea salt or cocoa powder.